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IRENE PORTIS-WINNER AND THOMAS G. WINNER;
PARTNERS IN THE SEARCH FOR SEMIOTICS
Tom and I had a lifelong partnership and very sadly Tom died
in April 2004 but I am continuing our work and a close colleague,
Joseph Rotinsky is completing Tom’s interrupted book on the
CZECH AVANT-GUARD BETWEEN THE TWO WORLD WARS.
As a semiotic anthropologist my work was complimented by Tom’s
in Slavic poetics and comparative literature.
How did we come to semiotics? I was searching. for a discipline
that was both theoretical and powerful and alive involving real
peoples and how they lived. When I left Radcliff I came to anthropology
encouraged by my close friend, Ruth Benedict, and Tom also wished
to find a theoretical basis to conceptualize poetics beyond
close reading and formalism and we explored the concepts semiotically
oriented we found so tantalizing.
We both went to Columbia graduate school. Roman Jakobson made
a great impression on us with his call for poetics and linguistics
to be one discipline and with his strong support forth greatest
worker in semiotics, the much neglected Charles Sanders Peirce.
Tom met Lotman in Moscow whose works he was able to bring to
Michigan to begin a series of his studies published in Michigan.
This led to other Russian writers like Bakhtin and Toporov and
Czech sch0lars, as Mukarovsky. We felt we had discovered some
new handles to the understanding of meaning and communication
of signs in all domains with Peirce’s doctrine of signs and
Jakobson, metonymic metaphors, and Lotman’ profound renaissance
mind as he delved into mythology, world views and oppositions
such as order verses chaos, inside outside and developed the
field he called semiotics of culture which would help to conceptualize
different cultural perceptions of time and space.
Together we collaborated in the exploring of this new and exciting
world. I engaged in fieldwork in Slovene village,,the first
book only hinting at the new approach to peasant studies inspired
by work of the founder of modern peasant studies, Erich Wolf.
The fieldwork was a family project. My husband’s linguistic
knowledge was very valuable and my daughter , Ellen, was the
artist who drew many detailed maps and houses and people while
my youger daughter followed the young member’s children to the
fields and to the spring that fed the village river, Ellen attended
the local school for several months and both found a way to
communicate with the village children
My first book about the village only hinted at the new
Semiotic approaches to peasant studies. I soon realized that
I was only studying half of the village way of life, since from
1890 migrant from the village began setting in Cleveland and
the diaspora community kept up a close relation with the homeland
and by remissions sent home, no matter how difficult, saved
the village from abject poverty. I resolved to write a second
study encompassing the new two communites within a semiotic
framework. And again with the help of my husband I began an
urban study and also revsited the village since Slovenia had
obtained independence,
Our life was one of frequent travel to learned conferences
and meetings with scholars in Prague, Bruno, Warsaw, Moscow,
Hungary Yugoslavai, Finland and France.as we explored the concepts
we found so tantalizing, As Peirce wrote, the world is profuse
with signs, and this means in all modes, and conscious as well
as subliminal. We came to understand culture as communication
and meaning in a dynamic framework including
its relation to other cultures and its history. We found that
memory was a powerful force and the past ways were hardly forgotten.
How to decode meanings both in literature and poetics, and in
village socierty often revealed isubtle images, which became
the overriding task.
What semiotic concepts can be fruitfully applied? The past,
future and present are all relevant as well as concepts of space.
Remembering Peirce’s fallabilism, comparative world views and
depictions of reality need not lead to total relativism or to
helpless determinism or reduction.. The constant growth of semiotic
theory and its applications to all human behavior and thought
and events and rituals etc.and not separating art from science,
lead to understanding reality as dynamic and changing.
At this time I am working on a project I call “Trends in contemporary
American Anthropology and why we Need Semiotics of Culture.” I
am also helping to completes Tom’s book
IRENE PORTIS-WINNER
LIST OF PUBLICATIONS
A. Books and Monographs
1. A Slovenian Village: Zerovnica. Providence, R.I.:
Brown University Press, 1971.
2. The Peasant and the City. An Historical Perspective. Report on an
International Symposium held at Brown University, Providence, 1974. Limited
Distribution.
3. Interdisciplinary National Survey of the Status of East European Studies.
Cambridge, MA. Study commissioned by American Council of Learned Societies.
Limited Distribution, 1976.
4. The State of the Arts of Semiotics of Culture. Position paper commissioned
by the American Council of Learned Societies. Cambridge, MA, 1978. Limited
Distribution.
5. Semiotics of Culture. Special Issue of Semiotica, vol.27 1/3. As editor
(with Jean Umiker Sebeok), 1979.
6. Semiotics of Culture. Paris The Hague. Mouton. (Approaches
to Semiotics). 292 pp. (Republication of #5), 1979.
7. The State of the Art of Semiotics of Culture. Revised and
expanded edition of #4). Cambridge, MA, 1979. Limited distribution.
8. Semiotics of Culture: The State of the Art. Toronto Semiotic
Circle. Monographs, Working Papers and Prepublications. Toronto.
Victoria University. 1982. (Extended and revised version of
# 4).
9. The Dynamics of East European Ethnicity Outside of Eastern
Europe: With Special Emphasis on the American Case. (As Editor
with introduction). Cambridge, MA. Schenkman. 1983.
10. The Peasant and the City in Eastern Europe: Changing Socioeconomic
Structures and Symbolic Levels of Culture. (As editor with T.G.
Winner). Cambridge, MA. Schenkman. 1984.
11. Semiotics of Culture. "The Strange Intruder". Bochum: Ruhr-Universität
Bochum Press (BPX. Bochum Publications in Evolutionary Cultural
Semiotics). Vol. 5. 1994.
12. Peasants in Transition: The Semiotics of Transnationalism.
Durham, NC: Duke University Press. 1999.
B. Articles and Reviews
13. Some Problems of Nomadism and Social Organization of the
Kazakhs of Soviet Central Asia: Part One. Central Asian Review.
XI, No. 3:246 247. London. 1963.
14. Some Problems of Nomadism and Social Organization of the
Kazakhs of Soviet Central Asia: Part Two. Central Asian Review.
XI, No. 4:355 373. London. 1963.
15. Selo i op ina. Primjer jednoga slovenskogo sela (The Village
and the Commune. The Example of a Slovene Village), Sociologija
sela. X, Nos. 35 36. Zagreb. 113 120. 1972.
16. Review of E. Fél and T. Hofer, Proper Peasants; and R.
Cresswell, Une communeauté de l'Irelande. Current Anthropology
13, Nos. 3 4, 493, 1972.
17. Review of East European Quarterly. American Anthropologist 74:1411.
1972. 1973.
18. Research Opportunities for Slovene Studies in Anthropology.
Society for Slovene Studies Newsletter, No. 3, pp. 2 3. 1974.
19. Studia nad spoleczno ciami ch opskimi w antropologii amerika
skiej (Peasant Studies in American Anthropology). Etnografia
Polska. Warsaw. XVIII, 2:129 144. 1974.
20. Review article Recent Studies of Polish Peasantry. R. Turski,
ed. Les transformations de la campagne polonaise. East Central
Europe, 1, 1:90 94. 1974.
21. Review of G. Balandier, Sens et Puissance: Les Dynamiques
Sociales. American Anthropologist. 77:345 347. 1975.
22. Review of J. and B. Halpern, A Serbian Village in Historical
Perspective. Canadian American Slavic Studies 9:415 416. 1975.
23. The Semiotics of Cultural Texts. Semiotica 18:101 156.(with
T.G. Winner). 1976.
24. Review of J. Duvignaud, Le langage perdu: essai sur la
difference anthropologique. American Anthropologist. 78:648.
1976.
25. Review of W. Kula, et al., eds.; Listy Emigrantów z Brazilii
i Stanów Zjednoczonych. The Journal of Peasant Studies 3:352
359, London. 1976.
26. The Question of the Zadruga in Slovenia: Myth and Reality
in erovnica. Anthropological Quarterly, 50:125 34. 1977.
27. The Semiotic Character of the Aesthetic Function As Defined
by the Prague Linguistic Circle. InW.C. McCormack and S. A.
Wurm, eds., Language and Thought, Anthropological Issues, World
Anthropology. Paris The Hague. Mouton. Pp. 407 440. 1977.
28. Bunka kigoron nyumon, Gendai Siso, 6. Pp. 110 170. Tokyo.
(Japanese translation of #23) (with T. G. Winner). 1978.
29. Review of R. Byrnes, ed., Communal Families in the Balkans:
The Zadruga. South Eastern Europe 5:107 110. 1978.
30. Cultural Semiotics and Anthropology. IN The Sign. Semiotics
Around the World, edited by R. W. Bailey, L. Matejka and P.
Steiner. (=Michigan Slavic Publications). Ann Arbor. Pp. 335
63. 1978.
31. Ethnicity Among Urban Slovene Villagers in Cleveland, Ohio.
Papers in Slovene Studies 1977, edited by R. M. Susel. New York.
Pp. 61 63. 1978.
32. The Question of Cultural Point of View in Determining Boun
daries of Ethnic Units: Slovene Villagers in Cleveland. Papers
in Slovene Studies 1977, edited by R. M. Susel. New York. Pp.
73 82. 1978.
33. Review of M. Molek, Immigrant Woman. Society for Slovene
Studies Newsletter No. 11; Pp. 5 6. 1978.
34. Ethnicity, Modernity, and the Theory of Culture Texts.
IN #5 and 6. Pp. 103 47. 1979.
35. Review of J. Obrebski, The Changing Peasantry of Eastern
Europe. East Central Europe. 1979.
36. Preliminary Position Paper: Semiotics of Culture, the State
of the Art. Proceedings of Conference on Semiotic Terminology.
Budapest. Hungarian Academy of Sciences. 1979.
37. Semiotyka kultury i etnografia. (Semiotics of Culture and
Ethnography). IN Semiotyka kultury, edited by Urzula Niklas.
Warsaw (PIW). Polish translation of #30. 1979.
38. Review of Kme ko gospodarstvo na Slovenskem (Peasant Economy
in Slovenia), M. Makarovi , Slovene Studies, 1980.
39. Review of Fantasy and Symbol, edited by R. H. Hook. American
Journal of Semiotics. Vol. 1, No. 3 Pp.112 114. 1982.
40. Review of Symbols and Sentiments by Joan Lewis. American
Anthropologist. Vol. 84, No. 1. Pp. 207 208. 1982.
41. Some Comments on the Concept of the Human Sign. Visual
and Verbal Components and Applications to Ethnic Research: A
Wonderful Father. IN Signs in the Field, edited by Michael Herzfeld.
Special issue of Semiotica 46 2/4:263-85. 1983.
42. Ethnicity and Communication. Slovene Studies. Vol. 3:119-126.
1983.
43. Lotman and Semiotics of Culture. IN Semiosis. In Honorem
Georgi Lotman. Edited by Morris Halle et al. Ann Arbor, Michigan
(Studies in the Humanities). Pp.28 36. 1984.
44. Theories of Narration and Ethnic Culture Texts. In Sign,
System and Function. Proceedings of the First and Second Polish
American Semiotics Colloquia. Edited by J. Pelc, T. A. Sebeok,
E. Stankiewics and T. G. Winner. Berlin New York Amsterdam.
Mouton. Pp.439 455. 1984.
45. Review of Studies in Ethnicity, edited by Charles Ward. Canadian
American Slavic Review. Pp. 235 37. Spring 1984.
46. Semiotics of Culture. IN Frontiers of Semiotics. Edited
by John Deely, Brooke Williams, and Felicia E. Kruse. Pp. 181
184. Bloomington. Indiana University Press. 1986.
47. Cultural Semiotics vs. Other Cultural Sciences. In A Plea
for Cultural Semiotics. Edited by Achim Eschbach and Walter
Koch. (=Bochum Publications in Evolutionary Cultural Semiotics,
vol. 2) Pp. 4-22. 1987.
48. Metonymic Metaphors and Ethnicity: Slovenes in Cleveland.
In Lubi Slovenci. A Festschrift to Honor Rado L. Lencek. Edited
by T. M. S. Priestly, O. B. Nedeljkovic and H. R. Cooper, Jr.
Slovene Studies, 9/1 2. Pp.243-251. 1987.
49. Ethnic Culture Texts as Narration. IN Literary Anthropology.
Edited by Fernando Poyatos. Amsterdam-Philadelphia (John Benjamins)
Pp.127-140. 1988.
50. Review of The Homemade World of Zagaj by Robert Minnich.
Bergen, Norway. (University of Bergen Skriftserie. No.18). Slovene
Studies. 10:94-96. 1988.
51. Review of Rise From Want. A Peasant Family In The Machine
Age. By James C. Davis. Philadelphia. University of Pennsylvania
Press. 1986. Slovene Studies. 10:109-111. 1988.
52. Culture and Semiotics. Perspectives for the Future of a
Potential Discipline. IN Culture and Semiotics. Edited by Walter
A. Koch. Bochum (Bochum Publications in Evolutionary Cultural
Semiotics, vol. 7). Pp.72-84. 1989.
53. Report on Research in Semiotics of Culture. In The Semiotic
Web. A Yearbook of Semiotics. Edited by T.A. Sebeok and Jean
Umiker Sebeok. Volume for 1987. Pp.601-636. 1988.
54. The Human Sign as an Integrative Concept in the Semiotics
of Culture. IN The Nature of Culture: Proceedings of the International
and Interdisciplinary Symposium. October 7-11, 1986. Ruhr-Universitaet
Bochum. Edited by Walter A. Koch. (=Bochum Publications in Evolutionary
Cultural Semiotics, vol. 12). Pp.369-387. 1989.
55. Segmentation and Reconstruction of Ethnic Culture Texts
and the Interpenetration of the Verbal and Visual Spheres. In
Issues in Slavic Literary and Cultural Theory. Karl Eimermacher,
Peter Grzybek, Georg Witte, eds. Bochum (=Bochum Publications
in Evolutionary Cultural Semiotics 21). Pp.411-31. 1989.
56. Anthropology and Semiotics. In Semiotics in the Individual
Sciences. Part II. Edited by Walter Koch. (=Bochum Publications
in Evolutionary Cultural Semiotics. vol. 11). Pp. 619-648.
Bochum 1990.
57. How Ethnic Texts Speak. In Semiotics and the Arts: Festschrift
for Thomas G. Winner. Edited by A. Mandelker, L. Matejka, R.
Posner, and E. Stankiewicz. San Diego. Charles Schlacks. Pp.
173-187. 1990.
58.Lidský znak: neverbální komponenty. (The Human Sign: Nonverbal
Components). Opus Musicum. Brno, Czechoslovakia. 1991.
59. Ch op rolnik jako cz owiek-znak. (A Peasant/Farmer As A
Human Sign). Studia semiotyczne (Warsaw, Poland). 1991. Pp.174-89.
60. Semiotika kultury: Moderní dilema (Semiotics of Culture:
A Modern Dilema). Zprávy antropologické spole nosti. Prague,
Czech Republic. No. 3, 1992.
61. "The Semiotics of Law: An Anthropological Approach. IN
Semiotics and the Human Sciences. Roberta Kevelson, ed., Bern
(Peter Lang). 1992.
62. Transnationals and the Human Sign. In Signs of Humanity
/ L' homme et ses signes. Edited by Michel Balat and Janice
Deledalle Rhodes. Berlin: Mouton-de Gruyter. 1992. III:1611-1616.
63. Transnationals and the Human Sign: Modes of Signification.
Kultur - Evolution. Fallstudien und Synthese, ed. by M. Posner-Landsch,
H. Karnowski, and I. Byst ina. Bern (Peter Lang). 1993.
64. Intensívní dialog mezi Jakobsonem a Peircem (The Intense
Dialogue Between Jakobson and Peirce). Estetika. Prague, Czech
Republic. 1993.
65. Krize znázorn ní v dnešním kulturním bádání. (The Crisis
of Representation in Cultural Studies Today). Host. Brno, Czech
Republic. 1993.
66. The Slovenes. State of the Peoples 1993. A Human Rights
Report on Societies in Danger. Cultural Survival. Cambridge,
MA (Beacon Press). 1993.
67. Cultural Survey of the Slovenes. In Encyclopedia of World
Culture. Vol. 6: Europe and the Middle East. Edited by David
Levinson. (=Human Relations Area File). New Haven (Yale University
1993.
68. Peirce, Bogatyrev, Saussure a estetická funkce. Estetika.
Prague. 1993. (Translation of #70).
69. Bakhtin and Contemporary Anthropology: American Voices.
Elementa. 1995. (In press).
70. Peirce, Bogatyrev, Saussure, and the Aesthetic Function.
In Peirce and Value Theory. On Peircean Ethics and Aesthetics.
Edited by Herman Parret. Amsterdam-Philadelphia (John Benjamins).
1994.
71. Jakobson's Poetics: Its Relation to Peirce, and Its Influence
on American Anthropology. Litteraria humanitas. III. Brno, Czech
Republic. 1995. (in print).
72. A Slovene Peasant Village and Its Slovene-American Ethnic
Counterpart. Application of Semiotic and Structuralist Theory
(Prague, Moscow-Tartu, Peirce). Structuralism. Papers Presented
at the International Congress on Structuralist Theories. Dresden,
April 1995). Dresden: Verlag Technische Universitat Dresden.
(1996 in press).
73. An Overview of Semiotics of Culture from the 1930s to the
Mid-1970s. Historicni seminar. Ed. Oto Luthar. Znanstvenno-raziskovalni
Center, SAZU. Ljubljana 1996).
74. Entry: Slovenes. Encyclopedia of American Immigrant Cultures.
New York: MacMillan 1996.
75. Jakobson's World: His Dialogue With Peirce. Implications
for American Anthropology.Litteraria humanitas IV, Sborník prací Filosofické fakulty
Brn nské University. 1996.
76. Lotman's Semiosphere. Some Comments. IN In the World of
Signs. Essays in Honour of Professor Jerzy Pelc. Edited by Jacek
Juliusz Jadacki and Witold S awi ski. Amsterdam - Atlanta, GA.
1994.
77. Does the Image Sparkle? Bakhtin and Contemporary American
Studies of Culture. Elementa. Vol 4. Pp. 17-46, 1998.
78. The Semiotics of Transnationalism and the Human Sign. International
Congress of Anthropological and Ethnological Studies. Revised
version of paper presented in symposium "Theory and Methodology
of Fieldwork: New Ages....Trends, Concepts, Conceptualizations
and Praxis. August 1998. (In Press) University of the Aegean
Press. Athens, Greece.
79. Social structure and freedom: The semiotic study of cultures.
In Press
80. Eric Wolf: Power - A Semiotic Exploration. European Journal
for Semiotic Studies, In Press.
LIST OF PUBLICATIONS
Thomas G. Winner
I.
Books
1. Kazakh Literature and Oral Art. Durham: Duke University Press,
1958.
2. Chekhov and His Prose. New York: Holt, Rinehart
and Winston, 1966.
3. Editor, foreword: Lotman, Iu.M. Lektsii po struktural'noi
poetike. Providence, R.I.: Brown University Slavic Reprint V,
1968.
4. Editor, foreword: Jakobson, Roman. O cheshskom
stikhe,preimushchestvenno v sopostavlenii s russkim. Providence.
R.I.: Brown University Slavic Reprints VI.
5. Editor, foreword: Aldanov,Mark., Zagadka Tolstogo.
Providence, R.I.: Brown University Slavic Reprints, VII. 1969.
6. Editor, foreword: Gershenzon, M. O.Mechta i mysl'
I.S.Turgeneva, Providence, R.I. Brown University Slavic Reprints
VIII. 1970.
7. Editor, foreword: Lotman, Jurij M. Struktura
khudozhestvennogo teksta, Providence, R.I. Brown University
Slavic Reprint IX. 1971.
8. Editor, foreword: Tvorcheskie raboty uchenikov
Tolstogo v Yasnoi Poljane. Providence, R.I.:Brown University
Slavic Reprint X. 1974.
9. With Irene Portis Winner, as editor: The Peasant
and the City: Interpenetrating Structures, Cambridge, MA: Schenkman.
1984.
10. With J. Pelc, E. Stankiewicz, and T. A. Sebeok,
as editor: Sign, System, and Function: Proceedings of the First
and Second Polish American Colloquia. Paris The Hague: Mouton.
1984.
11. Editor, foreword: Slavic and Byzantinological
Studies in Honor of Antonin Dostal. Byzantine Studies, 8,11,12
(1981,1984, 1985).
II. Articles and Reviews
1947
12. "Kazakh Literature and Oral Art of the Nineteeth
Century:Reflections of Russian Rule." American Review of the
Soviet Union, 8, No. 2, pp. 57 72.
1948
13. Collaborator: "Sinkiang Survey." Far Eastern
Survey, 17, No. 5, pp. 53 63.
14. Review: Tatyana A. Kuzminskaya, Tolstoy as I
Knew Him: My Life at Home and at Yasnaya Polyana. New York:
MacMillan 1948. South Atlantic Quarterly, 48, No. 3.
1950
15. Contributor. Owen Lattimore et al., Pivot of
Asia. Boston: Little, Brown, 1950.
16. "The Kazakh Heroic Epos," Royal Central Asian
Journal, (London) 38, p. IV, pp. 280 91.
17. Review: Harriet Borland. Soviet Literary Theory.
New York: King's Crown Press,1950. South Atlantic Quarterly.
18. Review: Marc Slonim. The Epic of Russian Literature.
New York: Oxford University Press, 1950, South Atlantic Quarterly.
19. Review: Derk Bodde. Tolstoy and China. Princeton:
Princeton University Press, 1950. South Atlantic Quarterly.
20. Review: Leonid I. Strakhovsky. Craftsmen of
the Word: Three Poets of Modern Russia. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard
University Press, 1949. South Atlantic Quarterly.
21. Review: D. S. Mirsky. A History of Russian Literature.
Edited and abridged by Francis J. Whitfield. New York: Knopf
1949. South Atlantic Quarterly. 50, No. 2.
22. Review: Ludmilla Turkevich. Cervantes in Russia.
Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1950. South Atlantic
Quarterly, 50, No. 2.
1952
23. "Problems of Alphabetic Reform Among the Turkic Peoples
of Soviet Central Asia." Slavonic and East European Review,
London, 31, No. 76, pp. 133 47.
24.Review: Vladimir Nabokov, Conclusive Evidence.
New York: Oxford
University Press, 1951. South Atlantic Quarterly.
25.Review: The Tolstoy Home. Diaries of Tatiana
Sukhotin Tolstoy. Translated by Alec Brown. London: Harvill
Press, 1951. South Atlantic Quarterly.
26 Review: B. V. Varneke, History of the Russian
Theatre. New York: MacMillan, 1951. South Atlantic Quarterly.
1953
27. Editor and Compiler. Slavonic and East European
Sections of "Bibliography of Comparative Literature." Yearbook
of Comparative and General Literature. No. 2.Chapel Hill, NC:University
of North Carolina Press.
28."The Soviet Nationality Problem" (Review article).
Royal Geographical Journal (London), 130, p. I, pp. 97 99. 1953.
29. Review: Clarence A. Manning. Anthology of Eighteenth
Century Russian Literature. Vol, II, New York: King's Crown
Press, 1953. South Atlantic Quarterly.
1954
30. Translator: Alexander Puskin. "The History of
the Village of Goriukhino." Russian Review, 13 (April), pp.
120 36.
31. Editor and Compilor: Slavonic and East European
Sections of "Bibliography of Comparative Literature," Yearbook
of Comparative and General Literature. No. 3. Chapel Hill, NC:
University of North
Carolina Press.
32. Review: Marc Slonim. Modern Russian Literature,
New York:Oxford University Press. 1953. South Atlantic Quarterly.
1955
33. Review: V. V. Zenkovsky. A History or Russian
Philosophy. New York: Columbia University Press. 1953. The Southern
Philosopher, 4, No. 1.1955.
34. Review: Boris Zajcev. Chekhov, Literaturnaja
biografija., New York: Chekhov Publishing House, 1954. American
Slavic and East European Review, 13.
35. Review: L. A. Kovarskaja. Russkie pisateli. New York: Chekhov Publishing
House, 1955. Slavic and East European Journal, 14.
1956
36. "Chekhov's Seagull and Shakespeare's Hamlet:
A Study of a Dramatic Device." American Slavic and East European
Review, 15 (January).
1958
37. Review: W. H. Bruford. Anton Chekhov., New Haven:
Yale University Press. 1957. Slavic and East European Review,
16, No. 1.
1959
38. "Chekhov's Ward No. 6 and Tolstoyan Ethics." Slavic
and East European Journal, 17, No. 3 (December).
1960
39. " exov v Soedinnenyx Štatax Ameriki," (Chekhov
in the United States). In Anton exov, Literaturnoe Nasledstvo,
vol. 68, Moscow: Akademiia nauk. Pp. 777 800.
40. "Chekhov and Scientism: Reflections on the Searching
Stories." in T. Eekman, ed. Anton Chekhov; Some Essays. Leiden
(Holland): E.J. Brill, Pp. 325 55.
1960
41. "The exov Centennial Productions in the Moscow
Theaters." Slavic and East European Journal, 5, pp. 255 62.
1962
42. Editor: "Dostoevskij and Romantic Aesthetics." Yearbook
of Comparative and General Literature, 11, pp.36 39.
43. Review: Richard Hare. Portraits of Russian Personalities
Between Reform and Revolution. New York: Oxford University Press,1959.
Slavic Review, 21, No.2 (June). Pp. 350 51.
44. Review: Renato Poggioli. The Poets of Russia.
1890 1930.Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1960.
Books Abroad, Spring.
45. Review: George Gibian. Interval of Freedom: Soviet Literature
During the Thaw. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press,
1960. Books Abroad, Spring.
46. Review: Avrahm Yarmolinsky. Literature Under
Communism: The Literary Policy of the Communist Party of the
Soviet Union from the End of World War II to the Death of Stalin.Bloomington:
Indiana University Press, 1960. Books Abroad, Spring 1962.
1963
47. "Theme and Structure in Chekhov's Betrothed." Indiana
SlavicStudies. 3, pp. 162 71.
48. "Myth as a Literary Device in the Works of Chekhov." In
B. Slote, ed. Myth and Symbol, Critical Approaches and Applications.
Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. Pp. 71 78.
49. Review: M. Friedberg, Russian Classics in Soviet
Jackets. New York: Columbia University Press, 1962. Russian
Review, 22.
1964
50. "Speech Characterization in Chekhov's Ivanov
and apek's Loupe ník" American Contributions to the Fifth International
Congress of Slavists, Vol. II. The Hague: Mouton.
51. Review: Anton Chekhov, Late Blooming Flowers
and Other Stories. Translated by I. D. Chertok and Jean Gardner.
New York, Toronto and London: McGraw Hill Co., 1964. Slavic
Review, 24, No.1, pp.152 53.
1966
52. Entry: "Anton Chekhov." Encyclopedia of World
Literature, Vol. 1. New York: Frederick Ungar Publishing Co.
53. Review: Chekhov, the Major Plays. Ann Dunnigan,
tr. Signet Classic, Slavic and East European Jorunal, 10 No.3.
Pp.343 47.
1967
54. "Setting in Cechov's Prose." in A. P. udakov,
ed. O exove. Sbornik statej. Moscow, Academy of Sciences. Publication
scheduled for 1967, but publication was prevented.
1969
55. "Some Remarks About the Style of Bunin's Early Prose." In
W. E. Harkins, ed. American Contributions to the Sixth International
Congress of Slavists., Vol. II. The Hague: Mouton.
56. Review: Maurice Valency, The Breaking String,
The Plays of Anton Chekhov. New York: Oxford University Press,
1966, Slavic and East European Journal, 12, No 1. Pp.79 82.
57. Review: T. K. Šax Arizova, exov i zapadnoevropejskaja
drama ego vremeni. Moscow: Nauka, 1966, Slavic and East European
Journal, 12, No. 1, pp.79 82.
58. Review: Peter Bicilli, Anton Chekhov. München:
Fink Verlag,1966, Slavic and East European Journal, 12, No.
1, pp.79 82.
1971
59. "`Mewa' Czechowa a `Hamlet' Szekspira badanie
chwytów dramatycznych." In Rene Sliwowski, ed. Czechow w oczach
kritiki wiatowej. Warsaw: PIW, 1971. Pp. 233 48. Polish translation
of No. 36.
60. Review: Chekhov, A Collection of Critical Essays.
Edited by Robert L. Jackson. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice
Hall, 1967. Slavic Review, 30, No. 1, pp.205 08.
61. Review: The Island: A Journey to Sakhalin by
Anton Chekhov. translated by Luba and Michael Terpak. New York:
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